THE ANCIENT COPTIC NAMES OF THE TWELVE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC, ACCORDING TO ULUGH BEIGH.
Note: Coptic is the language of the Copts, which represents the final stage of ancient Egyptian. It now survives only as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church. S.A.F.L.
These names, thus given by Montucla, Hist. des Mathematiques, are considered to represent the ancient Egyptian. Their great antiquity may be seen from the Cubitus Nili, referring to the inundation of the Nile as under Leo, where the summer solstice, at which it takes place, only remained till about B.C. 2000: also from there being no allusion to the Scarabaeus, where it afterwards was introduced to mark the recession of the solstice to Cancer, which occurred about the time of the Christian era, Cancer being here called Statio Typhonis, station of Typhon, the enemy who smites and is smitten, to whom was consecrated the ass, mentioned in Gen. xlix. 14, and borne afterwards on the standard of the tribe of Issachar. Typhon was anciently figured by the Egyptians as having serpents for legs and girded with a serpent, thus identifying him with the serpent-enemy of Genesis. The name Isis, given to Taurus, is not here referred to the so-called goddess of after times, but to the verb [ ], to save, with the Egyptian pronoun masculine [ ] affixed, "this saves." Pi-mahi, the united, is elsewhere given as the name in Gemini. The fish is a well-known emblem of the early Christian Church, or congregation of the Lord, multitudinous in offspring, drawn out of the water, the frequent type in the New Testament, and by them often engraven on their tombs.
The Copts of the present time are believed to be the descendants of the ancient Egyptians. Their language is considered by Scaliger and others to be that of ancient Egypt, with a slight intermixture of Greek. Their letters bear some resemblance to the enchorial or demotic character. Their language has no inflexions, but has letters and particles prefixed. This language exists in a translation of the Scriptures. (Encyclopaedia Britannica.)
According to Scaliger and others, the name Copt is derived from Aiyuaroc, Egypt, and Egypt from [ ], to cover, veil. It will be remembered that figures of the Nile were frequently as veiled, and also that of Isis. The Biblical name is always Mizraim (narrow, straitened), and in the dual number, perhaps as Upper and Lower Egypt. (Rees, Cyclopsedia.)
When Josephus says Yses or Isis meant in Egyptian "preserved," he evidently refers it to the root [ ] to save.
Montucla says that among the Egyptians almost every thing belonged to Isis, Orus, or Osiris.
Josephus: "In the Egyptian mythology Osiris is said to have been slain by Typhon when the sun was in Scorpio."
"The eight divinities are said to have existed before the twelve," as the planets were known before the naming of the signs.
When Manethon says that Hyc is "king" in the sacred tongue, he identifies the sacred with the ancient Hebrew language.
For the first 2000 years of the Hebrew chronology the summer solstice took place in Leo. After perhaps about 1700 years of that time, Egypt was settled and civilized, preserving prophetic and astronomical traditions from the Antediluvians, through Noah and Ham, their more immediate ancestors, to which these names testify. In the first thousand years of that time the inundation of the Nile occurred, while the sun was still in Leo, at the summer solstice; to this time then the origin of these names must be referred, where Pi Mentekeon, the pouring out, is translated Cubitus Nili.
The solstice passing into Cancer 2000 years B.C., the Scarabaeus, an emblem of the sun of Egyptian origin, was introduced there; in the long zodiac evidently so. In these names no allusion is made to it, but the original emblem of cattle is there Klaria, and Statio Typhonis, or the ass. Gen. xlix.
The Scarabaeus was an emblem of the sun and of the human soul before it was placed in the zodiac to denote the solstice.
In the long zodiac a large figure of the Scarabaeus is below the place of the sign Cancer, and a figure of another smaller kind of beetle seems ascending to the line of the signs near to the figure of a beeve, agreeing with the more ancient emblem of cattle, in Ceno-kir, the possession held, and Sartan, held fast, bound; this emblem, cattle, being still in memory, while in the planisphere it is not in the zodiac, but appears below in Argo. The beetle, or Scarabaeus, has its head detached from the body (or thorax); that of the crab is not so divided. The name Klaria, the cattle-folds, points to the time before the beetle had been introduced into the zodiac, as it is acknowledged the Scarabaeus was by the later Egyptians. The solstice had not receded into the sign Cancer till about B.C. 2000, considered to be about 150 years before the abiding of Abraham in Egypt, whether learning or teaching astronomy.
The Copts of the present time are believed to be the descendants of the ancient Egyptians. Their language is considered by Scaliger and others to be that of ancient Egypt, with a slight intermixture of Greek. Their letters bear some resemblance to the enchorial or demotic character. Their language has no inflexions, but has letters and particles prefixed. This language exists in a translation of the Scriptures. (Encyclopaedia Britannica.)
According to Scaliger and others, the name Copt is derived from Aiyuaroc, Egypt, and Egypt from [ ], to cover, veil. It will be remembered that figures of the Nile were frequently as veiled, and also that of Isis. The Biblical name is always Mizraim (narrow, straitened), and in the dual number, perhaps as Upper and Lower Egypt. (Rees, Cyclopsedia.)
When Josephus says Yses or Isis meant in Egyptian "preserved," he evidently refers it to the root [ ] to save.
Montucla says that among the Egyptians almost every thing belonged to Isis, Orus, or Osiris.
Josephus: "In the Egyptian mythology Osiris is said to have been slain by Typhon when the sun was in Scorpio."
"The eight divinities are said to have existed before the twelve," as the planets were known before the naming of the signs.
When Manethon says that Hyc is "king" in the sacred tongue, he identifies the sacred with the ancient Hebrew language.
For the first 2000 years of the Hebrew chronology the summer solstice took place in Leo. After perhaps about 1700 years of that time, Egypt was settled and civilized, preserving prophetic and astronomical traditions from the Antediluvians, through Noah and Ham, their more immediate ancestors, to which these names testify. In the first thousand years of that time the inundation of the Nile occurred, while the sun was still in Leo, at the summer solstice; to this time then the origin of these names must be referred, where Pi Mentekeon, the pouring out, is translated Cubitus Nili.
The solstice passing into Cancer 2000 years B.C., the Scarabaeus, an emblem of the sun of Egyptian origin, was introduced there; in the long zodiac evidently so. In these names no allusion is made to it, but the original emblem of cattle is there Klaria, and Statio Typhonis, or the ass. Gen. xlix.
The Scarabaeus was an emblem of the sun and of the human soul before it was placed in the zodiac to denote the solstice.
In the long zodiac a large figure of the Scarabaeus is below the place of the sign Cancer, and a figure of another smaller kind of beetle seems ascending to the line of the signs near to the figure of a beeve, agreeing with the more ancient emblem of cattle, in Ceno-kir, the possession held, and Sartan, held fast, bound; this emblem, cattle, being still in memory, while in the planisphere it is not in the zodiac, but appears below in Argo. The beetle, or Scarabaeus, has its head detached from the body (or thorax); that of the crab is not so divided. The name Klaria, the cattle-folds, points to the time before the beetle had been introduced into the zodiac, as it is acknowledged the Scarabaeus was by the later Egyptians. The solstice had not receded into the sign Cancer till about B.C. 2000, considered to be about 150 years before the abiding of Abraham in Egypt, whether learning or teaching astronomy.
NOTES ON LIBRA
"The balance of Amente, or truth, in the Egyptian pictures of the judgment of the human soul, has the figure of a deity, or an ostrich feather (a divine attribute) in one scale, a heart in the other. Horus with a hawk's head, and Anubis with that of a dog, (both names of the sun in the Egyptian triads, both in their primitive roots meaning, 'He who cometh,') attend the scales, and sometimes seem to give additional weight to that of the heart." [ ], a wing-feather, strong, mighty, whence used as a divine attribute.
The primary meaning of the Noetic root Zadik is the equal poise of a pair of scales. The scales and the balance are mentioned as divinely employed in Isa. xl. 12, in Dan. v. 27, and used as a prophetic emblem, Rev. vi. 5.
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